Later Zhou defeats Northern Han at Gaoping
The Zizhi Tongjian records that Zhou troops routed the Northern Han army in the battle near Gaoping.
What this does and does not establish
Wikisource raw revision 1554151. Lines 201–207 describe one battle, including an initial Zhou collapse and a further evening engagement. This record represents the battle once, without splitting its phases or the ensuing northern campaign.
- Read through an AI working translation.
- Region
- East Asia
- Theme
- Politics and institutions
- Kind of record
- Placed in a year. A source places this in one year. It is listed under that year; no day precision is invented.
How it is dated
- Date reference
- 顯德元年三月癸巳
- How we use it
- Year-level placement is limited to the dated source entry.
The date reference is this project’s reading of the source’s date. It may give an era name, a reign or a calendar in a normalised form rather than in the source’s own words; the dating notes say what the source prints.
Dating notes from the research record
Read zztj291.wikitext, year heading at line 159, '三月，乙亥朔' at line 191, and '癸巳' at line 201 governing the continuous battle account through line 207, before '甲午'. Read initial Zhou reverses at line 203 and the evening fighting at line 207. Also examined the split-year continuation in zztj292.wikitext, lines 13–61. calendar_headers and direct reads at lines 31–32 give sinica-953-12-31.html: '西元953年12月31日', '後周太祖廣順3年(歲次癸丑)11月23日'; sinica-954-12-31.html: '西元954年12月31日', '後周世宗顯德元年(歲次甲寅)12月4日'. Xiande 1, month 3 lies within Julian AD 954. Original quotation begins at line 205, character 9080.
File names and line numbers in these notes, and in the limits above, refer to the project’s retained copies of the cited sources. Names such as calendar_headers are the project’s calendar look-ups, and “the investigator” is the research step that prepared the record.
Sources and quoted text
Line and character numbers under “Location” refer to the project’s retained copy of the source. For database rows, “Edition” names the batch of rows that was fetched together.
Source 1 · Supports the statement
Zizhi tongjian
Sima Guang and collaborators
Quoted text (Classical Chinese)
時南風益盛，周兵爭奮，北漢兵大敗AI working translation into English; not official or authoritative
At that time the southerly wind grew stronger, the Zhou troops vied in exerting themselves, and the Northern Han troops suffered a crushing defeat.
Source credit and reuse conditions recorded for this source: 資治通鑑/卷291 https://zh.wikisource.org/w/index.php?oldid=1554151 Public-domain historical original. Wikisource contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Attribute the fixed transcription and share adapted excerpts alike. Project working translation.
Exact source version
da64ccafa2fa50f7dfaf98d726b30a1c5978dd4cd34a7ad5a698886dc8e08a2bChecks and changes
Source checked 2026-11-06. An independent AI evidence review supports this bounded, attributed wording. That review does not guarantee historical truth. How records are checked
No correction has been made to this record’s statement or limits.
Revision s901_east_952_954_5
Exact revision fingerprint
15d51ab36b0514034b6d90b2a70871315739faf89ba888f81d6b469526daa6d5